Profile Photo

Yue Cao

Ph.D. Candidate & Research Assistant
Department of Electrical Engineering

Email yca247@uky.edu
Address 143 Graham Avenue
414D CRMS Bldg
Lexington, KY 40506
Research Interests Intelligent Manufacturing, Deep Learning, Process Control, Human-Robot Interaction

About

I am Yue Cao, a 3rd-year Ph.D. candidate and research assistant in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Kentucky. My research interests lie in applying deep learning and control theory to address intelligent manufacturing tasks, e.g., robotic welding and additive manufacturing. With rich experience in related fields (Bachelor's and Master's degrees, and industrial experience) and a strong publication record, I am deeply committed to advancing the integration of intelligent algorithms with physical manufacturing processes for adaptive and efficient production.

I have been recognized for my contributions to the field, being named a 2025 winner of the International Institute of Welding's Henry Granjon Award in the "Human Related Subjects" category for my innovative research in human-robot collaboration and intelligent welding processes.

Education & Experience

Education
Work Experience
Jan. 2023 – Present
Ph.D. Candidate in Electrical Engineering
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
Currently a 3rd-year Ph.D. candidate and research assistant focusing on intelligent manufacturing, deep learning applications in robotic welding and additive manufacturing, and human-robot collaboration.
Jul. 2022 – Dec. 2022
Autonomous Driving Engineer
TianTong Vision Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
Focused on path planning and vehicle body control algorithms.
Aug. 2021 – Jul. 2022
Motor Control Engineer
Weichai Power Co., Ltd., Weifang, Shandong, China
Developed motor control algorithms and embedded software for powertrain systems.
Sep. 2018 – Jun. 2021
M.Eng. in Materials Processing Engineering
Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
Recommended Admission. Specialized in materials processing engineering with focus on manufacturing processes.
Sep. 2014 – Jun. 2018
B.Eng. in Material Forming and Control Engineering
Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
Undergraduate studies in material forming and control engineering, providing foundation in manufacturing and materials science.

Skills

My core ability is to build intelligent manufacturing systems capable of real-time decision-making through the integration of algorithms, robotic execution, and physical processes. I am always thrilled to see how computational intelligence can truly impact real-world processes, rather than remaining only in simulation.

Manufacturing Processes

Deep knowledge of arc welding processes, including Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)

AI & Deep Learning

Supervised learning, generative models, reinforcement learning, imitation learning

Control Systems

PID, Model Predictive Control (MPC), adaptive control

Robotics & Automation

Collaborative robot control, human motion capture, and human–robot interaction

Virtual/Augmented Reality

Development of immersive human-interaction environments in VR and AR using the Unity platform

Programming & Software

Python, MATLAB/Simulink, C#, C, C++

Research Projects

Human Predictive Control of Welding Robot through Generative AI Enhanced Human-Robot Collaboration

Human Predictive Control Project Graphic Abstract

To improve human control of welding process, a teleoperated Human Robot Collaboration welding system is developed, where a generative AI model can predict the future weld pool evolution, to reduce human cognitive burden. This work exemplifies a human-centric HRC paradigm that unites human expertise, robotic execution, and computational intelligence for intelligent manufacturing.

Related Publications:

1.
Cao, Y., Ye, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Synthesizing Weld Pool Dynamics via VAE-GAN to Enhance Human Control Performance. Journal of Manufacturing Processes.
2.
Cao, Y., Ma, N., Ye, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Human Predictive Control of Welding Robot through Generative AI Enhanced Human-Robot Collaboration. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters. (under review)

Robotization of DE-GMAW through Human-Robot Collaboration

Virtual Reality Environment
Virtual Reality Environment
Physical System
Physical System
Human Demonstration Video
Debugging of Position Control
Automated Welding Process

Double-electrode Gas Metal Arc Welding (DE-GMAW) is a variant of GMAW that decouples heat and mass transfers, well suitable for additive manufacturing (AM). I developed a VR-based teleoperated Human Robot Collaboration system to robotize it by leveraging human adaptability. An object detection network (YOLO) was implemented and a human model was established. Ongoing studies include transferring human operational knowledge using Imitation Learning.

Related Publications:

1.
Cao, Y., Chen, H., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Monitoring of DE-GMAW process in human–robot collaboration. Welding in the World.
2.
Cao, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Control of DE-GMAW through human–robot collaboration. Welding in the World.

Addressing Label Inaccuracy in WAAM Anomaly Detection via Iterative Label Refinement and Unsupervised Feature Learning

WAAM Anomaly Detection Label Misclassification

In additive manufacturing (AM), Labels are typically assigned at the segment level during post-process inspection, giving identical labels to all frames in a segment even though anomalies may occur only in part of it, leading to inevitable misclassifications. In this work, an iterative label refinement strategy is proposed, using Variational Autoencoder and Gaussian Mixture Models, to learn unbiased feature for anomaly detection.

Adaptive Control of Weld Penetration in Pulsed-Gas Metal Arc Welding

Adaptive Control of Weld Penetration Project

Achieve adaptive control of weld penetration in pulsed GMAW, using adaptive Model Predictive Control, nonlinear identification, and Kalman Filtering, with characteristic arc voltage signals as feedback.

Related Publications:

1.
Cao, Y., Wang, Z., Hu, S., & Wang, T. (2023). Adaptive predictive control of backside weld width in pulsed gas metal arc welding using electrical characteristic signals as feedback. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 31(6), 2879–2886. IEEE.
2.
Cao, Y., Wang, Z., Hu, S., & Wang, W. (2021). Modeling of weld penetration control system in GMAW-P using NARMAX methods. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 65, 512–524. Elsevier.

First-author Publications

1.
Cao, Y., Ye, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Synthesizing Weld Pool Dynamics via VAE-GAN to Enhance Human Control Performance. Journal of Manufacturing Processes.
2.
Cao, Y., Chen, H., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Monitoring of DE-GMAW process in human–robot collaboration. Welding in the World.
3.
Cao, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Control of DE-GMAW through human–robot collaboration. Welding in the World.
4.
Cao, Y., Guo, S., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Robotizing GTAW through learning human response. Welding in the World.
5.
Cao, Y., Zhou, Q., Yuan, W., Ye, Q., Popa, D., & Zhang, Y. (2024). Human–robot Collaborative Assembly and Welding: A review and analysis of the state of the art. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 131, 1388–1403. Elsevier.
6.
Cao, Y., Wang, Z., Hu, S., & Wang, T. (2023). Adaptive predictive control of backside weld width in pulsed gas metal arc welding using electrical characteristic signals as feedback. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 31(6), 2879–2886. IEEE.
7.
Cao, Y., Wang, Z., Hu, S., & Wang, W. (2021). Modeling of weld penetration control system in GMAW-P using NARMAX methods. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 65, 512–524. Elsevier.

Awards

2025
International Institute of Welding (IIW) Henry Granjon Award
Received the prestigious Henry Granjon Award in the "Human Related Subjects" category for innovative research in human-robot collaboration integrating human intelligence for intelligent complex welding processes.

Read the full news article →
2024
American Welding Society (AWS) A. F. Davis Silver Award
Received for contributions to welding process stability monitoring and control.